3.1 Describe how self-harm and suicide are portrayed in the media

This guide will help you answer 3.1 Describe how self-harm and suicide are portrayed in the media.

The media wields significant influence on public perception and understanding of various issues, including self-harm and suicide. This portrayal can impact societal attitudes, stigma, and even the behaviours of those at risk. It’s essential to explore how self-harm and suicide are depicted across different media platforms to better understand these portrayals’ implications.

Media Types and Their Influence

Traditional Media

Newspapers and Magazines
Print media often sensationalises stories to attract readership. Headlines can be alarmist, lacking nuance or sensitivity. Phrases like “tragic end” or “desperate act” contribute to the sensational view of suicide and self-harm. While some publications follow guidelines to reduce harm, others may dwell on graphic details.

Television
Television dramas and news programmes often depict suicide and self-harm in ways that can oversimplify the issues. Characters who self-harm may be portrayed as seeking attention, which perpetuates misconceptions. News reports might focus on the dramatic aspects of a suicide case rather than the underlying mental health issues.

Social Media

Platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok
Social media offers both support and risks. Users share personal stories, potentially providing comfort and community. However, some content may inadvertently glamorise self-harm or suicide, leading to harmful “copycat” behaviours. Hashtags can spread awareness but also facilitate access to harmful content.

YouTube
Video blogs and content related to self-harm or suicide can be informative but sometimes lack appropriate messaging or guidance. Without regulation, young viewers might be exposed to triggering or distressing content.

Impact of Misleading Portrayals

Stigmatisation and Myths

Many media portrayals contribute to the stigma surrounding self-harm and suicide. They often simplify complex mental health issues into attention-seeking behaviour or a lack of moral strength. This creates barriers for those seeking help and discourages open discussions about mental health problems.

Normalisation and Copycat Behaviour

There’s a well-documented phenomenon known as the “Werther effect,” where media portrayals of suicide can lead to imitative behaviour. Sensational coverage, especially when it includes specific methods, can lead vulnerable individuals to replicate these actions. Conversely, the “Papageno effect” highlights positive outcomes when media presents alternative coping strategies and hope.

Ethical Reporting and Guidelines

Regulations and Recommendations

Several organisations provide guidelines to help media outlets report on self-harm and suicide responsibly. The Samaritans, for example, offer detailed advice on language use, avoiding specific methods, and highlighting sources of support. Following these can reduce the risk of harmful impacts.

Responsible Journalism

Journalists hold a responsibility to present self-harm and suicide in a factually accurate, non-sensational manner. This involves:

• Avoiding Graphic Details: Specifics of the method used should not be disclosed, as this can lead to imitation.
• Language Sensitivity: Phrasing matters. Terms like “committed suicide” imply criminality, whereas “died by suicide” is neutral.
• Context and Support: Emphasising underlying issues and providing information on where to seek help are essential.

Media Representations and Mental Health

Television and Film

Characters experiencing mental health issues often lack depth. They’re reduced to stereotypes, such as the “troubled genius” or “unpredictable loner.” These portrayals rarely offer a realistic depiction of mental health recovery or support systems.

Music

Some musicians grapple with themes of self-harm and suicide in their lyrics. While this can resonate with those experiencing similar feelings, it risks romanticising these behaviours without presenting resolutions or hope.

The Role of New Narratives

While many media portrayals are problematic, there’s a growing trend toward more accurate representations. Notable examples include:

• Documentaries: These look into the complex nature of mental illnesses and the reality of self-harm and suicide, presenting personal stories with sensitivity and depth.
• Educational Content: Some TV series and online platforms aim to educate viewers by presenting mental health issues accurately and offering insight into the recovery process.

Guidance for Consumers

Critical Consumption

Viewers and readers can take steps to essentially evaluate media content:

• Seek Diverse Sources: Look for information from a variety of media to gain well-rounded perspectives.
• Identify Bias: Recognising sensational language and stereotypes can reduce the influence of harmful narratives.
• Engage with Supportive Communities: Platforms that offer constructive discussions can provide support and camaraderie.

Parental and Educator Involvement

Parents and educators can guide young people in understanding media portrayals:

• Open Dialogues: Encourage discussions about what they see and hear in media.
• Media Literacy: Teach essential thinking skills to help them discern biased or harmful content.

Final Thoughts

Understanding how the media portrays self-harm and suicide is essential in shaping public perception and individual behaviours. By recognising the limitations and strengths of these portrayals, we can work towards a more informed and compassionate society. Encouraging ethical reporting and promoting accurate, supportive narratives are essential steps in reducing stigma and supporting those in need.