Moving and Handling

In health and social care, models are theoretical frameworks that guide the practice and delivery of services. These models provide structured approaches for understanding and addressing health and social care needs, ensuring that care is comprehensive, person-centred, and effective. Some of the most commonly used models include the biomedical model, the biopsychosocial model, and the person-centred care model.

The biomedical model focuses primarily on the physical aspects of health and illness. It views diseases as disruptions in the body’s systems and emphasises diagnosis and treatment through medical interventions such as medication and surgery. While this model has contributed significantly to advances in medical science and treatment, it can be limited by its focus on the physical aspects of health, often overlooking psychological and social factors.

The biopsychosocial model, developed by George Engel, addresses the limitations of the biomedical model by integrating biological, psychological, and social factors. This holistic approach recognises that health and illness are the result of complex interactions among these three domains. For example, while the biomedical model might treat only the symptoms of a chronic condition, the biopsychosocial model would also consider the patient’s mental health, stressors, and support systems, leading to more comprehensive care.

The person-centred care model places the individual at the forefront of care delivery. It emphasises personalisation, respecting patients’ values and preferences, and involving them in decision-making processes. This model aims to empower individuals, encouraging active participation in their care and fostering a more collaborative relationship between care providers and service users. It is based on the understanding that each person has unique experiences, needs, and aspirations, which should be acknowledged and respected in care planning.

In summary, models in health and social care are essential frameworks that inform and guide the delivery of services. The biomedical model focuses on physical health, the biopsychosocial model integrates biological, psychological, and social factors, while the person-centred care model emphasises personalisation and active patient involvement. Using these models helps healthcare providers deliver comprehensive, holistic, and individualised care, ultimately improving health outcomes and patient satisfaction.