3.3. Outline the use of visual communication systems for individuals with an Autistic Spectrum Condition

This guide will help you answer 3.3. Outline the use of visual communication systems for individuals with an Autistic Spectrum Condition.

Visual communication systems are a key way to support individuals with an Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC). They rely on images, symbols, and written words to communicate rather than spoken language. Many individuals with ASC find visual communication easier to process and understand. This is because they might struggle with interpreting or using spoken language effectively. Using visual communication systems can help individuals with ASC feel more understood and supported in their daily interactions. By incorporating effective communication strategies such as using visual supports, caregivers and professionals can help individuals with ASC navigate social situations more successfully. This can lead to increased independence and improved quality of life for those with ASC.

Visual systems help individuals express themselves, understand routines, and reduce anxiety. These systems are not just for those who are non-verbal but can also benefit people with ASC who have verbal abilities.

What is ASC?

Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) is a developmental condition that affects how individuals communicate and interact with others. It also influences their behaviour and perceptions of the world. People on the spectrum might experience sensory sensitivities and may prefer routines. Communication challenges are one of the main features, making alternative systems like visual supports very helpful.

Types of Visual Communication Systems

There are several types of visual communication systems used for people with ASC. Choosing the right system depends on the person’s needs, preferences, and abilities.

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

PECS is a system that helps individuals communicate through pictures. They exchange a picture card with another person to indicate their request, choice, or desire. For example, if they want a drink, they hand over a picture of a cup.

This system teaches the steps of communication, including:

• Initiating communication (e.g., approaching a person with a card)
• Building sentences (e.g., combining several picture cards like “I want” + “drink”)
• Understanding simple social exchanges

PECS is useful for children and adults alike. It helps develop communication skills in a structured way.

Visual Timetables

Visual timetables present daily activities in a visual format. They often use symbols or pictures arranged in a logical sequence. For instance, a timetable could include pictures of getting dressed, having breakfast, going to school, and coming home.

These reduce anxiety by showing a clear structure of what will happen and in what order. Changes can also be explained by adjusting the visuals, helping the individual prepare for disruptions to their routine.

Social Stories

Social stories are simple, short narratives that use pictures and words to explain situations, behaviours, or skills. They provide guidance on what to expect and how to act in various scenarios, such as visiting the doctor or sharing with peers.

Social stories build social understanding without overwhelming the individual. They use positive language and are tailored to the individual’s needs.

Visual Schedules

Like timetables, visual schedules outline specific steps in an activity, such as brushing teeth or making a sandwich. These break down activities into manageable chunks, helping people follow tasks independently. Each step may have a corresponding image or symbol.

For example, a visual schedule for brushing teeth could include:

1. Picture of a toothbrush
2. Picture of toothpaste
3. Picture of someone brushing

Symbol-Based Apps and Devices

Technology has made visual communication more interactive. Many apps and devices display symbols, allowing users to select images to ‘speak’ for them. Some of the most popular apps speak phrases when an image is tapped. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with verbal challenges who want to express complex thoughts.

Gesture Prompts

Physical gestures and signing can also act as visual supports. Although not strictly visual communication, gesturing towards objects or miming actions, such as eating, can aid those on the spectrum. Combining gestures with pictures can strengthen understanding.

Why Are Visual Communication Systems Used?

Visual systems cater to individuals with ASC who might process visual information better than auditory information. They simplify communication, improve understanding, and support learning. There are practical benefits to their use, such as:

• Enhancing communication for non-verbal individuals
• Supporting clearer understanding of instructions
• Reducing frustrations and meltdowns caused by communication barriers
• Promoting independence
• Building predictable routines and minimising anxiety

How Visual Systems Benefit Communication

Assisting Non-Verbal Individuals

Some individuals with ASC do not use spoken language. Communicating their needs or emotions can be frustrating. Visual communication gives them tools to express themselves, reducing frustration for both the individual and those supporting them.

For example, a child might point to the picture of a snack if they feel hungry rather than trying to verbalise the request.

Filling in the Gaps

Verbal individuals might still struggle in situations where spoken language feels overwhelming or unclear. In these cases, visual aids help fill in the gaps. For example, if they are attending a new social event, a visual story can outline what to expect instead of relying solely on verbal reassurances.

Supporting Predictable Routines

People with ASC often prefer routines. Changes or uncertainty can lead to heightened anxiety or distress. Visual timetables provide structure, helping individuals know what to expect and when. If there’s a change to the routine, visual supports help explain it in a clear, non-threatening way.

Encouraging Independence

Using visual schedules and timetables empowers individuals to complete tasks by themselves. Instead of relying on someone to guide them, they can follow the visual steps to get dressed, prepare snacks, or pack their bag for school. This boosts confidence and reduces dependence on others.

Guidance for Support Workers

As a support worker, knowing how to use visual communication systems effectively is important. Here are some tips to keep in mind:

Use Clear and Simple Images

Choose images or symbols that are easy to understand. Avoid complex pictures. For instance, instead of a detailed picture of food, use a simple icon of a fork and spoon.

Be Consistent

Use the same symbols, images, or layout consistently. Changes in the system may confuse the individual and undo progress. For example, if you are teaching PECS, use the same card for “drink” every time.

Allow for Individual Preferences

Not everyone with ASC responds to the same type of visual communication system. Some may prefer pictures, while others may relate better to written words. Keep their preferences and comfort level in mind.

Reinforce Understanding

Repeatedly show how the visual system works. Practice using it in different settings and contexts. Support them with examples, and gradually encourage independence in using the system.

Involve the Individual

If possible, let the individual play a role in creating their visual tools. For instance, they might make their own timetable by choosing pictures of activities they enjoy. This fosters a sense of ownership and increases understanding.

Combine Visuals with Other Approaches

Visual communication does not exist in isolation. Pair it with other communication methods like speech, gestures, or touch if appropriate. For instance, use the visual schedule alongside verbal prompts to offer extra reassurance.

Challenges and Solutions

Introducing visual communication systems can come with challenges:

1. Initial Resistance
   Some individuals might reject new visual aids or not engage with them right away. Be patient and introduce the system gradually.
2. Overwhelming Schedules
   Visual timetables or schedules that include too much detail can overwhelm rather than help. Stick to the most important images or steps.
3. Changes to Routine
   Visual systems rely on consistency. Changes to routines can disrupt the predictability. Manage this by preparing visuals for changes ahead of time (e.g., create a separate “Change in Plan” card).

Final Thoughts on Using Visual Supports

Visual communication systems are practical tools for improving the lives of individuals with ASC. They make communication easier, reduce anxiety, and promote independence. As a support worker, your role is to introduce these systems in a way that suits the individual’s unique needs and abilities.

By using these systems, individuals with ASC can build confidence in their abilities, better understand their world, and interact more comfortably with the people around them.