3.5.Describe how discrimination can affect the mental health of children and young people

This guide will help you answer 3.5.Describe how discrimination can affect the mental health of children and young people.

Discrimination affects children and young people’s mental health in profound ways. This negative treatment can come from peers, educators, or even systems meant to protect them. Understanding how discrimination damages young minds is vital for those working with this vulnerable group. Children and young people who experience discrimination may struggle with low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. It is important for adults in their lives to provide support and create a safe space for them to express their feelings and experiences. Managing mental health challenges in young people also requires addressing the root causes of discrimination and working towards creating an inclusive and accepting environment for all.

Types of Discrimination

Discrimination can happen due to race, gender, disability, religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. Each form of discrimination carries specific challenges and stressors but ultimately leads to similar mental health concerns.

Racial and Ethnic Discrimination

Children from minority ethnic backgrounds often face racial discrimination. This treatment might come as overt racism or subtle microaggressions. Both forms can lead to feelings of isolation and anxiety.

Gender Discrimination

Gender stereotypes can limit opportunities and damage self-esteem. Boys may be discouraged from expressing emotions, while girls may face harmful societal expectations about their appearance and abilities.

Disability Discrimination

Children with disabilities may be excluded or underestimated. Even well-intentioned actions can lead to discrimination if they are rooted in ignorance or pity.

Religious Discrimination

Children practising minority religions might face hostility or ignorance from others who don’t share their beliefs. This can create an environment of insecurity.

Sexual Orientation Discrimination

LGBTQ+ youth often face bullying or exclusion. This can lead to severe anxiety, depression, and even self-harm if left unchallenged.

Economic Discrimination

Less affluent children might encounter stereotypes that assume they are less worthy or capable. This discrimination can obstruct their educational and social opportunities.

Psychological Effects

Discrimination’s impact on mental health manifests in various ways:

• Low Self-Esteem: Constant negative treatment can make children internalise these attitudes, leading to a poor self-image.
• Anxiety and Depression: Living in fear of further discrimination can cause chronic stress, anxiety, and depression.
• Identity Confusion: Young people trying to form their identities may struggle with who they are when faced with discrimination.
• Aggressive Behaviour: Some children respond to discrimination with anger and aggression. This behaviour might be a defence mechanism against further hurt.

Social Effects

Discrimination doesn’t just affect mental health; it impacts social interactions as well:

• Social Withdrawal: Children who feel discriminated against may isolate themselves to avoid further hurt.
• Bullying: Children who encounter discrimination might become bullies themselves, perpetuating a cycle of hurt.
• Trust Issues: Repeated discriminatory experiences can lead to difficulties in trusting others, affecting relationships with peers and adults.

Educational Effects

Discrimination affects academic performance, too. When children feel unwelcome or unsafe, their ability to concentrate and engage in learning suffers:

• Decreased Motivation: Discriminated children may believe their efforts are pointless, leading to a lack of motivation.
• Absenteeism: Fear of discrimination might make children avoid school altogether, missing out on crucial learning and socialisation opportunities.
• Underachievement: A lack of support or belief in their abilities can lead to these children underachieving compared to their potential.

Coping Mechanisms

Children often develop coping strategies, some helpful and others harmful, to deal with discrimination:

• Seeking Support: Turning to trusted adults or peers for help can be a positive coping mechanism.
• Denial: Pretending discrimination doesn’t affect them might help some children temporarily but isn’t a long-term solution.
• Self-harm or Risky Behaviour: Unfortunately, some children might resort to harmful behaviours as a way to cope with their feelings.

How Workers Can Help

Support workers can play a key role in helping children and young people deal with the effects of discrimination:

• Listening: Simply being there to listen can provide comfort and validation.
• Encouragement: Boosting self-esteem through positive encouragement helps counteract negative messages.
• Education: Teaching children about diversity and acceptance can change their perspectives and build resilience.
• Intervention: Workers must intervene when they witness discrimination, setting an example and stopping harmful behaviour.

The Importance of Intervention

Intervening in discrimination doesn’t just help the targeted child; it can improve the entire environment. When discriminatory behaviour is addressed, it sets a standard that such behaviour is not accepted. It promotes inclusivity and respect.

Early Intervention

Addressing discrimination early can prevent the escalation of mental health issues. Early intervention can also equip children with the skills to cope positively in future situations.

Building Resilience

Teaching resilience is vital for helping children withstand the impact of discrimination:

• Problem-Solving Skills: Equip children with tools to handle discrimination constructively.
• Positive Relationships: Encourage friendships and mentor relationships that uplift rather than tear down.
• Self-Advocacy: Teach children to speak up for themselves and others facing discrimination.

Summary

Discrimination profoundly affects the mental health of children and young people. Whether it’s based on race, gender, disability, or other factors, discriminatory treatment can lead to severe mental health challenges. Workers with children play a crucial role in identifying discrimination, supporting affected young people, and promoting an inclusive and respectful environment. By tackling discrimination head-on and promoting resilience, we can help children and young people grow into confident, healthy adults.