2.5 Give examples of progressive disabilities and their causes

This guide will help you answer 2.5 Give examples of progressive disabilities and their causes.

Progressive disabilities are conditions that worsen over time. They often start with mild symptoms and gradually lead to significant impairments. Understanding these disabilities can help you provide better care. Let’s look at some common examples and their causes.

Parkinson’s Disease

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson’s is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement. It primarily impacts older adults.

Causes

• Genetic Factors: Some cases are linked to specific genes.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain chemicals can be a risk.

Symptoms

• Tremors
• Stiffness
• Slowed movement

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

What is MS?

MS is a condition where the immune system attacks the central nervous system. This causes communication problems between the brain and the body.

Causes

• Genetic Predisposition: Family history can increase risk.
• Environmental Triggers: Low vitamin D and viral infections may play a role.

Symptoms

• Numbness
• Fatigue
• Vision problems

Motor Neurone Disease (MND)

What is MND?

MND affects the nerves that control muscles, leading to weakness.

Causes

• Genetic Mutations: Some cases are hereditary.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain toxins may contribute.

Symptoms

• Muscle weakness
• Speech difficulty
• Difficulty swallowing

Huntington’s Disease

What is Huntington’s Disease?

Huntington’s is a genetic disorder that leads to the breakdown of nerve cells in the brain.

Causes

• Genetic Mutation: Caused by a single defective gene.

Symptoms

• Uncontrolled movements
• Cognitive decline
• Emotional disturbances

Alzheimer’s Disease

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

A common form of dementia, Alzheimer’s affects memory and cognitive functions.

Causes

• Genetic Factors: Family history increases risk.
• Lifestyle Factors: Poor heart health can be a factor.

Symptoms

• Memory loss
• Confusion
• Difficulty with reasoning

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

What is COPD?

COPD is a lung disease that makes breathing difficult.

Causes

• Smoking: Major risk factor.
• Environmental Exposure: Air pollution and dust.

Symptoms

• Shortness of breath
• Chronic cough
• Wheezing

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

What is ALS?

ALS is a condition affecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.

Causes

• Genetic Factors: Some cases have a hereditary link.
• Environmental Factors: Possible link to toxins.

Symptoms

• Muscle twitching
• Weakness
• Loss of motor control

Macular Degeneration

What is Macular Degeneration?

This is an eye disease that gradually leads to vision loss.

Causes

• Age: More common in older adults.
• Genetic Factors: Family history can influence risk.

Symptoms

• Blurred vision
• Difficulty recognising faces

Rheumatoid Arthritis

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

This is an autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation.

Causes

• Hereditary Factors: Genetics can play a role.
• Smoking: Increases risk.

Symptoms

• Joint pain
• Stiffness
• Swelling

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A genetic disorder characterised by progressive muscle degeneration.

Causes

• Genetic Mutation: X-linked recessive pattern, affecting mostly boys.

Symptoms

• Frequent falls
• Difficulty rising
• Muscle weakness

Final Thoughts

Workers in care settings need to be aware of these progressive disabilities. Understanding their causes and symptoms aids in providing effective support. This knowledge helps in tailoring care plans that meet individual needs.