4.1 Describe the feelings an individual may have when experiencing postnatal depression

This guide will help you answer 4.1 Describe the feelings an individual may have when experiencing postnatal depression.

Postnatal depression (PND) is a mental health condition that can affect mothers after childbirth. It is different from the “baby blues,” which many mothers experience in the first few days after giving birth and which usually resolve within a week or two. PND is more severe and long-lasting, often developing within the first six weeks after birth but potentially occurring any time during the first year.

When supporting someone with PND, it’s vital to understand how they may feel. These feelings can impact their emotional, physical, and social well-being. In this guide, we cover some of the feelings individuals commonly experience.

Low Mood and Sadness

Individuals with PND often feel persistently low in mood. This sadness might feel overwhelming and unshakable. It is not tied to any clear reason and doesn’t improve with rest, distraction, or social connection. The intensity of the sadness can make everyday life feel bleak and unrewarding.

Feelings of sadness may arise suddenly or linger throughout the day. Mothers experiencing PND may describe this as feeling “empty,” “numb,” or “lost,” despite the presence of their baby or external support.

Hopelessness and Helplessness

Many individuals with PND describe feeling hopeless about their future. They may struggle to see how they can overcome their current emotions. They might believe their situation will never improve, or that they will never feel happy or fulfilled again.

Helplessness is also common. A mother might feel incapable of managing her baby’s needs or meeting the expectations of others. Simple daily tasks may seem insurmountable, adding to feelings of inadequacy.

Low Self-Esteem and Worthlessness

PND often affects self-esteem. Individuals might feel worthless as a mother, partner, or individual. They may criticise themselves harshly for perceived failures, feeling that they are “not good enough.”

This can extend to how they interact with their baby. For example, a mother may feel she is not bonding with her child in the way she expects, leading to feelings of guilt or self-blame. These feelings of worthlessness may also cause them to withdraw from others, believing they are a burden.

Guilt

Mothers with PND frequently report feelings of guilt. They may feel guilty about their emotions, thinking they are “supposed to” feel happy after having a baby. They might worry they are letting their baby down or not being the parent they “should” be.

Some mothers compare themselves to others who seem to be coping well, and this can intensify feelings of guilt. They may feel ashamed to admit they are struggling, which can prevent them from seeking help.

Irritability and Anger

PND can cause irritability, frustration, and angry outbursts. Mothers may feel easily annoyed by their partner, baby, or others, even over minor things. They might not understand why they are reacting this way, which can lead to further guilt or confusion.

Anger might also be directed inward, with the individual becoming angry at themselves for struggling. This inner conflict can create additional mental strain.

Anxiety and Fear

Anxiety is a significant component of PND for many individuals. This may include:

• Worrying excessively about the baby’s health or well-being
• Fearing they are not doing enough as a parent
• Concerns about their ability to care for the baby safely and adequately

These worries can sometimes manifest as intrusive thoughts. For example, a mother may fear accidental harm coming to her child, such as dropping them. These thoughts can be distressing and difficult to ignore, further increasing fear. Constant anxiety may also lead to physical symptoms like a racing heart, tension, and difficulty sleeping.

Feeling Overwhelmed

The demands of parenthood can feel overwhelming even for those without PND. For mothers experiencing PND, this can be magnified. They may feel unable to cope with looking after their baby, managing their home, or meeting other responsibilities.

Feeling overwhelmed can lead to them avoiding tasks or withdrawing from activities they once enjoyed. This withdrawal can intensify feelings of isolation.

Loneliness and Isolation

Many mothers with PND feel alone, even when surrounded by others. They may believe no one understands what they are going through or fear being judged if they share their feelings.

This perceived isolation can cause them to withdraw further from loved ones, reinforcing the belief that they are alone. They may also feel physically isolated if they avoid going out or struggle to connect with social groups like parenting classes.

Exhaustion and Fatigue

Caring for a newborn is naturally tiring, but individuals with PND often describe a deeper level of physical and emotional exhaustion. This fatigue can persist even if the baby sleeps well or if they get adequate rest.

PND-related fatigue can make it hard to concentrate, focus, or make decisions. It may feel like they are stuck in a cycle of tiredness that they cannot break, further contributing to feelings of helplessness.

Disconnection from the Baby

Mothers with PND may feel emotionally disconnected from their baby. They might not experience the overwhelming love or joy they expect. Instead, they may feel distant, detached, or indifferent.

This lack of bonding can cause significant distress and guilt. Mothers may worry they are failing as a parent, which can worsen feelings of depression. Some may question their decision to become a parent, leading to deep emotional conflict.

Loss of Interest and Enjoyment

PND can cause a loss of interest in activities or people that used to bring joy. This is often described as feeling “flat” or “empty.” They may withdraw from hobbies, social interactions, or time with their baby.

This apathy can affect their relationships, making loved ones feel excluded or unimportant. It can also reduce their motivation to seek help or engage in self-care.

Suicidal Thoughts

In severe cases, individuals with PND may experience thoughts of harming themselves or feel that others would be better off without them. These thoughts can be distressing and difficult to share. They may stem from feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or an intense desire to escape emotional pain.

If someone expresses or shows signs of suicidal thoughts, immediate support is critical. Encourage them to seek help from a GP, midwife, health visitor, or mental health professional.

How Support Workers Can Help

Understanding these feelings equips you to better support individuals experiencing PND. Be patient, non-judgemental, and empathetic. Listen to their concerns and encourage them to talk about their emotions. Help them access professional support and remind them that recovery is possible.

By recognising these feelings and offering compassionate assistance, you can make a positive impact on their care and well-being.