1.4 Identify signs that might be displayed by a child, young person, or adult who is planning to selfharm or attempt suicide imminently

This guide will help you answer 1.4 Identify signs that might be displayed by a child, young person, or adult who is planning to selfharm or attempt suicide imminently.

Recognising signs of self-harm or suicidal intentions is essential for timely intervention. If you suspect someone may be planning to hurt themselves or attempt suicide, identifying these signs can be a essential step in offering support. Here, we look at various indicators across different age groups.

Behavioural Changes

Withdrawal and Isolation

• Social Withdrawal: The individual may suddenly stop engaging with family, friends, or social activities they once enjoyed. They may often prefer being alone.
• Increased Isolation: This can involve spending excessive time in their room or avoiding social interactions.

Risky Behaviours

• Engaging in Dangerous Activities: This can include reckless driving or substance abuse, as if they no longer care about the consequences.
• Impulsive Actions: Acting without considering the outcome, such as spending money recklessly or getting into arguments.

Changes in Routine

• Disrupted Sleep Patterns: They might sleep much more or less than usual.
• Altered Eating Habits: Noticeable changes in appetite or rapid weight changes.

Emotional Indicators

Expressions of Hopelessness or Despair

• Talking About Death or Dying: This could be direct or indirect, such as saying the world would be better off without them.
• Feelings of Worthlessness: Frequent expressions of self-hatred or guilt.

Sudden Mood Changes

• Drastic Mood Swings: Rapid changes from being very sad to calm or even happy, perhaps because they’ve decided on a plan.
• Intense Irritability or Anger: Unusual displays of aggression towards themselves or others.

Verbal Cues

Direct and Indirect Communication

• Making Threats of Self-Harm or Suicide: Direct threats should always be taken seriously.
• Indirect Hints: Such as saying things like “I can’t go on” or “There’s no way out”.

Seeking Closure

• Saying Goodbyes: Uncharacteristic acts of saying goodbye to loved ones as if they won’t see them again.
• Giving Away Possessions: They might give away treasured items, signalling they’re trying to ‘set things in order’.

Physical Signs

Marks and Injuries

• Unexplained Cuts or Bruises: These may indicate recent self-harm efforts.
• Frequent Scars: Especially on arms, thighs, or other places easily hidden.

Neglecting Personal Appearance

• Lack of Personal Hygiene: Ignoring normal grooming routines, indicating a loss of interest in self-care.
• Withdrawn Body Language: Slumped posture, avoiding eye contact, or appearing constantly tired.

Specific Signs in Children and Young People

Academic and Social Impact

• Decline in School Performance: Reduced interest or achievements in schoolwork.
• Avoidance of School: Frequent absences or excuses to miss school activities.

Changes in Play or Activity

• Altered Play Habits: They might play more violent or sad scenarios, reflecting internal distress.
• Loss of Interest: They may stop participating in activities like sports or hobbies they once loved.

Specific Signs in Adults

Occupational or Financial Stress

• Work Absenteeism: Frequent absence from work or decreased performance.
• Financial Troubles: Sudden preoccupation with financial issues or drastic financial decisions.

Relationship Strain

• Increased Conflicts: With partners, family members, or friends.
• Emotional Detachment: Becoming emotionally distant or unresponsive.

Immediate Risk Factors

Access to Means

• Gathering Means: Collecting pills, weapons, or any materials to harm themselves.
• Researching Methods: Searching online for ways to self-harm or commit suicide.

Previous Attempts

• History of Self-Harm or Suicide Attempts: A known history increases risk, as they might be more determined.

Frequent Misconceptions

External Calm

• The Calm Before the Storm: Some might appear calm after deciding on a plan, a mistaken sense of resolution.
• Assumption of Attention-Seeking: Never assume their actions are just cries for attention. Every sign should be taken seriously.

Steps to Take

Immediate Actions

• Engage in Conversation: Show your concern without judgement. A simple “I’m worried about you” can open the door for dialogue.
• Seek Professional Help: Encourage them to talk to a professional. Offer assistance in finding support services.

Safety Measures

• Remove Access to Means: If possible, safely remove any means of self-harm from their environment.
• Regular Check-ins: Maintain contact and ensure they feel supported and not alone.

Understanding these signs across different age groups can help you identify when someone might need urgent help. Each individual may display different combinations of these signs, making it crucial to pay attention to behavioural, emotional, verbal, and physical changes. Open communication, empathy, and timely intervention can save lives.