2.2 Explain how to apply the principles and methods of a person-centred approach to each of the different stages of risk assessment

This guide will help you answer 2.2 Explain how to apply the principles and methods of a person-centred approach to each of the different stages of risk assessment.

A person-centred approach focuses on the needs, preferences, and rights of the individual. Applying this approach to risk assessment ensures that the person being supported is involved in every stage of the process. This boosts their confidence, promotes independence, and respects their dignity and choices.

What are Principles of a Person-Centred Approach?

To apply person-centred principles effectively, it’s important to understand what they involve:

• Individual Involvement – The person must be actively included in discussing and managing risks. Their voice is central.
• Respecting Choices – Their wishes and preferences must guide decisions.
• Promoting Independence – Empower the person to make decisions independently, whenever possible.
• Dignity and Respect – It’s important to treat the person as an expert in their own life.
• Balancing Risks and Rights – Support the person to take risks safely without removing their freedom or rights unnecessarily.

By following these principles, carers can provide support that is respectful, safe, and empowering.

Stage 1: Identifying Potential Risks

The first stage of a risk assessment involves identifying possible concerns or risks. A person-centred approach ensures the individual is part of this process.

• Speak directly with the individual. Ask them about their concerns, past experiences, and what they feel might go wrong in specific situations.
• Observe the person’s behaviour and routines to spot potential risks. For instance, if a person with dementia frequently forgets to turn off kitchen appliances, this could be an identified risk.
• Include information from others, such as family members or colleagues, to build a fuller picture, but always prioritise the individual’s perspective.
• Avoid assumptions. Risks should only be identified based on evidence and consultation, not stereotypes or generalisations.

Including the individual from the beginning gives them a sense of control and ensures the risks identified are relevant and meaningful to them. It also avoids unnecessary restrictions stemming from external biases.

Stage 2: Assessing the Level of Risk

Once risks have been identified, the next step is to assess how severe they might be and how likely they are to happen. A person-centred approach can be applied during this stage by:

• Listening to the person’s feedback – Ask the individual how they feel about the likelihood or seriousness of the risk. They may have insight that others do not.
• Using simple language – Avoid technical jargon when discussing risks. Use clear terms that allow the person to understand and contribute meaningfully.
• Prioritising their preferences – If a person prefers to maintain independence despite risks, discuss workable compromises while respecting their wishes.
• Balancing risk and benefits – For example, the risk of falling may increase if an individual walks unassisted, but the emotional benefit of independence often outweighs this. Discuss how to manage the risk while maximising autonomy.

Collaborating with the person ensures their feelings and preferences are respected. It’s essential that they understand what’s being assessed and feel heard during this process.

Stage 3: Planning Risk Management Strategies

Planning risk management strategies involves creating steps to address the risks identified. This part of the process is not about removing risks altogether but enabling the person to live as fully and independently as possible, while still being safe. Apply a person-centred approach by:

• Creating the plan together – Involve the person in deciding how risks can be managed. For example, if someone does not want to use a walking aid despite being at risk of falls, explore alternative solutions like handrails in key areas of the home.
• Prioritising achievable goals – Ensure the strategy reflects what is realistic and manageable for the person. This might mean starting small with achievable steps rather than overwhelming changes.
• Considering strengths and abilities – Focus on what the person can do, rather than what they cannot do. Build solutions around existing skills and desires.
• Recording their views within the plan – The individual’s preferences and ideas should be central to the plan and clearly documented.

By working collaboratively, carers can develop strategies that support safety while promoting freedom and independence.

Stage 4: Implementing Risk Management Strategies

Once the plan is agreed, the next step is to put it into action. In a person-centred approach, it’s essential to:

• Involve the individual in implementing changes – If adaptations are needed, like moving furniture to reduce trip hazards, ensure the person understands and agrees.
• Provide support where needed – Offer assistance with any strategies that require their involvement, such as practising how to use mobility aids.
• Encourage independence – Avoid taking over tasks. Let the person do as much as they are safely able to.
• Regularly check for feedback – Ask the individual for their thoughts on how changes are working. If they dislike or disagree with any parts, these should be reviewed.

The person’s active participation promotes ownership of the process and ensures they feel respected and in control.

Stage 5: Monitoring and Reviewing Risk Management Plans

Risk assessment is not a one-time process. It needs continual monitoring and review to ensure the individual remains safe and their rights are upheld. Person-centred methods include:

• Involving the person in reviews – Arrange regular discussions with the individual to find out how they feel about the risk management plan. Are they happy? Do they feel confident living with the plan? If not, adjustments should be made.
• Monitoring changes over time – The person’s health, environment, or needs may change. For instance, if their mobility decreases, their risk of falls may increase, requiring updates to the plan.
• Recognising changes in preference – Support people’s choices, even if they differ over time. For example, someone who previously wanted constant support may now prefer more independence. The plan should reflect this.
• Recording feedback – The individual’s comments and opinions on how the plan is working should be documented for transparency.

This stage ensures the plan remains relevant, effective, and aligned with the person’s wishes and circumstances.

Benefits of a Person-Centred Approach in Risk Assessments

Applying a person-centred approach benefits everyone involved in the risk assessment process. The individual feels respected, empowered, and listened to. Risk management strategies are more likely to be effective because they are realistic and tailored to the person’s specific needs. Finally, carers can build trust and rapport with the person, creating a supportive and collaborative relationship.

Issues in Applying Person-Centred Principles

Sometimes, applying person-centred principles can be tricky. A person may resist engaging in discussions about risks or refuse to follow proposed strategies. In these situations:

• Respect their autonomy but continue to explore safe compromises.
• Use advocacy services if required, especially if the person struggles to communicate their views.
• Understand that balancing safety and freedom can be difficult but aim for solutions that honour their preferences wherever possible.

By remaining consistent and patient, person-centred care can still be upheld even when challenges arise.

Final Thoughts

1. The person’s voice is central at every stage: from identifying risks to reviewing the plan.
2. Respect their choices and preferences even if they carry some risk.
3. Use simple, clear language when discussing risks and solutions.
4. Focus on abilities, not just limitations.
5. Regularly review and update plans with the person’s input to keep them relevant.

Applying a person-centred approach in risk assessments helps achieve a balance between safety and independence, ensuring individuals lead fulfilling, dignified lives while minimising harm.