4.3 Summarise different strategies that the playworker can use to communicate with adults who have communication difficulties

This guide will help you answer 4.3 Summarise different strategies that the playworker can use to communicate with adults who have communication difficulties.

Working as a playworker often involves contact with parents, carers, volunteers and other adults. Some of these people may have communication difficulties. This can be due to physical conditions, sensory impairments, learning disabilities, mental health issues or neurological differences. It can also be related to language barriers, for example where English is not their first language. A skilled playworker adapts their communication to meet the needs of the other person. This builds trust, supports inclusion and promotes positive working relationships.

Understanding the reason for the communication difficulty helps in choosing the right strategy. Visual problems, hearing loss, speech impairments or processing difficulties each require different approaches. Clear, respectful and supportive communication makes it easier for the adult to take part in discussions about children’s play, safety or development.

Active Listening

Active listening means giving the person your full attention and showing that you have heard them. This is more than just being quiet while they speak. It involves watching body language, facial expressions and tone of voice.

Ways to practise active listening:

• Face the person and keep eye contact if culturally appropriate
• Avoid interrupting or finishing their sentences
• Use nods, smiles or simple gestures to show you are following
• Repeat or rephrase what they have said to confirm understanding
• Focus on both words and non-verbal signals

Active listening reassures the adult that their views matter. It also reduces misunderstandings.

Using Plain Language

Complex vocabulary or long sentences can make communication harder. Many adults with communication difficulties find it easier when the playworker uses simple words and clear structure.

Key points for plain language:

• Use everyday words instead of technical terms
• Break longer ideas into short sentences
• Keep instructions simple and direct
• Avoid slang that may not be understood
• Speak at a steady pace without rushing

Plain language supports comprehension for people with processing issues, learning disabilities or language barriers.

Visual Aids

Visual aids give meaning to spoken words. They are useful for adults who have hearing loss, difficulty with spoken language or who process information better through sight.

Examples include:

• Pictures, photographs or symbols
• Written notes or bullet points
• Visual timetables showing play activities
• Diagrams or flowcharts for procedures
• Gestures and facial expressions to support speaking

Visual aids should match the person’s needs. For example, large print helps those with sight problems, while pictograms help those with limited reading ability.

Written Communication

Some adults prefer information in writing so they can read it at their own pace. This can be helpful for those with memory difficulties, language barriers or who need extra time to process information.

Good practice in written communication:

• Use clear font type and size
• Write short paragraphs with spacing between them
• Avoid long blocks of text or complicated layouts
• Use headings or bullet points for clarity
• Check if the person needs alternative formats such as Braille or large print

Written records can be referred back to, which helps maintain accuracy.

Adapting to Physical Communication Needs

Certain physical conditions can limit speech, hearing or movement. A playworker should make reasonable changes to allow communication.

Strategies include:

• Positioning yourself so lip-reading is possible
• Speaking in a quiet area to reduce background noise
• Using sign language or learning basic signs
• Allowing more time for the person to respond
• Using communication boards or apps

Being patient and flexible reduces frustration and supports inclusion.

Sign Language and Symbol Systems

Adults with hearing loss or some speech impairments may use sign language or symbol-based communication systems. British Sign Language (BSL) is a recognised language with its own grammar and structure. Makaton combines speech, signs and symbols.

When using these systems:

• Learn basic signs or symbols relevant to the setting
• Maintain eye contact so the person can read facial cues
• Avoid blocking your mouth when speaking
• Give visual signals before changing topics

This shows respect for the person’s preferred communication style.

Use of Communication Technology

Technology can help adults with communication difficulties express themselves and receive information. This may include assistive devices and digital tools.

Examples:

• Hearing aids and FM systems
• Speech-to-text software
• Text messaging or email for people who find speaking difficult
• Apps that convert symbols to speech
• Video calls with captioning features

Playworkers should be open to different formats, checking if the person is comfortable using them.

Cultural and Language Differences

Where English is a second language, adults may face extra challenges. Misunderstandings can affect discussions about a child’s needs or activities. Patience and mutual respect are important.

Helpful approaches:

• Speak slowly and clearly without raising your voice unnecessarily
• Avoid idioms and expressions that may not translate well
• Offer translated written materials if available
• Use gestures or visuals to reinforce meaning
• Check understanding by asking them to repeat key points back

Translation services or bilingual staff may be useful for more complex conversations.

Non-Verbal Communication

Body language, facial expressions and gestures can carry meaning even without words. Some adults rely more on non-verbal cues.

Ways to use non-verbal communication:

• Smile to show warmth and openness
• Use positive gestures such as thumbs-up or open palms
• Avoid threatening or closed-off body positions
• Be aware of cultural variations in gestures
• Match facial expressions to the tone of the conversation

Non-verbal signals should always support, not replace, verbal communication where possible.

Respecting Pace and Processing Time

Many adults with communication difficulties need extra time to process what is being said and to respond. Rushing can lead to misunderstandings and stress.

Ways to respect pace:

• Pause after asking a question
• Wait quietly without filling the silence
• Avoid pressuring for immediate answers
• Repeat key points only if needed, without changing the meaning
• Allow breaks in longer discussions

This creates a supportive environment where the person can engage fully.

Checking and Clarifying

Misunderstandings can occur easily. Checking what has been understood helps both parties.

Approaches to checking:

• Ask open questions that allow the person to explain their understanding
• Summarise agreed points and confirm with them
• Invite them to ask questions or raise concerns
• Encourage feedback during and after the conversation

Clarity avoids mistakes and builds trust.

Maintaining a Supportive Environment

The physical and emotional environment affects communication. A noisy, crowded space can make it harder for someone with hearing loss or sensory issues to focus. Stress and anxiety can also affect communication ability.

Ways to create a supportive environment:

• Use quiet areas for sensitive conversations
• Reduce background noise such as music or chatter
• Provide comfortable seating and good lighting
• Allow the person to bring a support worker or interpreter if they wish
• Make it clear that the discussion can pause at any time

A calm and welcoming space makes communication smoother.

Building Positive Relationships

Good communication starts with mutual respect and trust. Playworkers should be friendly, approachable and non-judgemental. Adults with communication difficulties are more likely to engage when they feel valued.

Ways to build relationships:

• Show genuine interest in their views and ideas
• Remember details they have shared
• Keep promises and follow through on agreed actions
• Treat them as equal participants in discussions about children
• Avoid speaking for them unless they request it

Relationships improve through consistent positive interactions.

Awareness and Ongoing Learning

Communication strategies can change as technology advances and needs evolve. A playworker benefits from continuous learning about different communication methods.

Actions to support learning:

• Attend training in BSL or Makaton
• Learn basic skills in using assistive technology
• Keep updated on language services available in the area
• Share good practice with colleagues
• Reflect regularly on communication experiences and make adjustments

This helps maintain high standards of inclusion.

Working with Other Professionals

Sometimes the playworker may communicate alongside other professionals. Speech and language therapists, special needs coordinators or interpreters can give advice or practical support.

Good practice when working with others:

• Share relevant background information with consent
• Agree on the best method for communication during meetings
• Follow guidance from specialists about communication aids or approaches
• Support consistent use of agreed strategies

This multi-agency approach helps meet the adult’s needs effectively.

Final Thoughts

Playworkers have a vital role in making sure adults with communication difficulties can contribute and receive information. This takes patience, awareness and flexibility. Using a mix of spoken, written, visual and technological methods allows communication to be personalised without making assumptions.

Respecting each person’s preferred style is key. Giving time, offering support and creating a calm environment encourage positive interaction. By applying these strategies, a playworker helps build stronger relationships with adults and supports the wider goal of inclusive playwork practice.