5.1 Describe the key characteristics of Positive Behavioural Support

This guide will help you answer 5.1 Describe the key characteristics of Positive Behavioural Support.

Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) is an evidence-based approach used primarily in health and social care settings to improve the quality of life and reduce challenging behaviours.

What is Positive Behavioural Support?

PBS is a person-centred framework aimed at helping individuals improve their overall well-being. It is particularly effective for those who exhibit challenging behaviour. The essence of PBS is to understand the reasons behind the behaviour and address these causes, rather than just focusing on the behaviour itself. This compassionate approach ensures that interventions are ethical and supportive.

Core Principles of Positive Behavioural Support

PBS relies on several guiding principles to ensure its success. These principles include:

• Person-Centred Approach: PBS considers the individual’s needs, preferences, and overall life goals. It’s about tailoring support to fit the person rather than trying to fit the person into existing services.
• Functional Analysis: This involves understanding the “function” or reasons behind challenging behaviours. Uncovering these reasons can aid in developing effective support strategies.
• Proactive Strategies: PBS emphasises anticipating problems and implementing strategies to prevent challenging behaviours before they occur.
• Skills Development: Focuses on teaching new skills to replace challenging behaviours. These skills help individuals communicate and engage more effectively with their environment.
• Focus on Quality of Life: Improving an individual’s quality of life is a central goal, addressing the areas of life satisfaction, personal development, and emotional well-being.
• Long-Term Support: PBS encourages interventions that support sustained behavioural changes and personal development over the long term.

Characteristics of Positive Behavioural Support

Let’s examine the main characteristics:

Person-Centred and Collaborative

PBS centres around the person receiving support. This involves actively involving them in the development of their support plan whenever possible. Collaboration is also key – working with families, carers, and other professionals to ensure consistency and support.

• Personalisation: Each individual is unique, and PBS plans reflect this by considering personal history, preferences, and future aspirations.
• Family and Community Involvement: Engaging with the individual’s social circle helps create a supportive network that reinforces positive behaviours.

Functional Behaviour Assessments

Functional Behaviour Assessment (FBA) is a systematic process for identifying the underlying causes of challenging behaviour. Understanding these causes can:

• Help pinpoint triggers or situations that lead to certain behaviours.
• Highlight what the individual gains from engaging in the behaviour (e.g., attention, sensory input).
• Inform the development of targeted interventions.

FBA is an ongoing process, where data is continually gathered and analysed to refine strategies as needed.

Proactive and Preventative

PBS prioritises prevention over reactive measures. By identifying potential triggers and early warning signs, interventions can be designed to reduce the likelihood of challenging behaviours.

• Preventative Measures: Creating an environment that minimises triggers and stressors.
• Crisis Plans: Developing clear, structured responses for when challenging behaviours occur helps ensure safety and consistency without punitive measures.

Teaching Alternative Skills

PBS focuses on skill development as a means to empower individuals. Teaching alternative skills can include:

• Communication Skills: Helping individuals express themselves in more effective ways.
• Social Skills: Fostering interactions that are constructive and fulfilling.
• Coping Strategies: Helping individuals manage stress or anxiety in healthier ways.

Skill-building is a positive alternative to challenging behaviours, offering individuals more control over their actions.

Enhancing Quality of Life

Improving life quality involves a holistic approach:

• Choice and Control: Offering individuals choices in their daily lives increases autonomy and satisfaction.
• Access to Opportunities: Support should help individuals pursue interests and participate in community activities.
• Emotional and Physical Well-being: Ensuring that individuals have access to activities and services that promote both mental and physical health.

Data-Driven Decision Making

PBS is evidence-based and involves regular data collection to assess the effectiveness of support strategies. This includes:

• Monitoring and Reviewing: Frequent evaluation ensures that PBS plans remain relevant and effective.
• Adjustments and Changes: Data informs when to make necessary adjustments to strategies, ensuring that they meet the evolving needs of the individual.

Long-Term Commitment and Support

Successful PBS requires commitment over the long term, helping sustain behavioural changes and personal growth through:

• Consistent Support: Ensuring ongoing access to resources and guidance.
• Review Mechanisms: Regular reviews of support plans to adapt to changes in the individual’s life or needs.
• Training and Development: Continuous training for staff and carers to maintain up-to-date PBS practices and strategies.

Final Thoughts

Positive Behavioural Support is an inclusive and respectful approach that prioritises the individual’s needs, focusing on long-term positive outcomes. Through a combination of understanding, support, and collaboration, PBS fosters a more fulfilling and balanced life for individuals exhibiting challenging behaviours. The roles of both practitioners and carers are integral, demanding patience, dedication, and a strong commitment to the principles of PBS.