1.1. Explain the factors that influence the well-being of children and young people

This guide will help you answer 1.1. Explain the factors that influence the well-being of children and young people.

The well-being of children and young people is shaped by many factors. These factors can be physical, emotional, social, economic, cultural, and environmental. Understanding these factors helps professionals support children effectively.

Physical Health

Good physical health plays a major part in well-being. It affects energy levels, ability to concentrate, and overall happiness.

Factors influencing physical health include:

• Nutrition – A balanced diet provides energy and supports growth. Lack of nutritious food can lead to problems like obesity or malnourishment.
• Exercise – Regular physical activity improves strength, heart health, and mental well-being.
• Sleep – Children and young people need enough sleep to grow, concentrate, and function well.
• Medical conditions – Chronic illnesses or disabilities may affect well-being and limit participation in activities.
• Healthcare access – Regular check-ups, vaccinations, and access to medical advice keep children healthy.

Mental and Emotional Health

Good emotional health allows children to manage feelings, cope with stress, and build resilience. Stress, anxiety, or depression can harm emotional well-being.

Emotional well-being can be influenced by:

• Relationships – Feeling loved and cared for by parents, carers, and friends builds confidence and self-esteem.
• Trauma – Experiencing abuse, neglect, or witnessing violence may leave long-lasting emotional scars.
• Stability – Consistent routines and environments help children feel secure.
• Self-esteem – Achieving personal goals and receiving positive feedback improves confidence.
• Bullying – Being targeted by bullies damages self-worth and mental health.

Family and Home Environment

A supportive family is a key source of stability and love. A positive home setting provides safety and security.

Important aspects of this factor include:

• Parenting style – Encouragement and boundaries foster emotional security and good behaviour.
• Financial situation – Economic hardships can cause stress, affecting children’s mental health and access to resources.
• Housing – Safe, warm, and stable housing provides a secure base for children.
• Family relationships – Open communication and positive interactions benefit emotional well-being.
• External pressures – Issues like parental separation or substance abuse may create stress for children.

Education and Learning

Access to education has a powerful influence on well-being. Learning helps children develop skills and prepares them for the future.

Relevant factors include:

• School environment – A caring, inclusive atmosphere encourages learning and social development.
• Teachers – Encouraging teachers inspire children to explore and achieve their potential.
• Peer relationships – Positive friendships enrich learning experiences and emotional health.
• Recognition – Celebrating achievements builds confidence and motivation.
• Additional needs support – Any extra help required, like one-to-one learning or adapted materials, supports success.

Social Connections

Friendships and social interactions build social skills, contribute to happiness, and encourage a sense of belonging.

Influences on social well-being include:

• Friendships – Supportive friendships help children feel valued and boost their self-esteem.
• Isolation – Without social interaction, children risk feeling lonely or excluded.
• Clubs and activities – Participation in hobbies builds confidence, resilience, and social skills.
• Social media – Online communication can keep friendships going but might also cause issues like cyberbullying.

Economic Factors

Money affects access to opportunities and resources. Lack of resources can limit a child’s experiences and self-confidence.

Examples of economic influences include:

• Access to education – Cost of materials, fees, or tutoring affects children’s participation and success.
• Participation in activities – Financial struggles may exclude children from hobbies or social events.
• Nutrition – Families with limited income may not afford healthy foods, harming physical health.
• Housing quality – Poverty often leads to cramped, unsafe, or poorly maintained housing conditions.

Cultural and Social Background

Cultural values and societal norms can shape children’s worldviews, relationships, and experiences.

Factors related to culture include:

• Traditions – Cultural practices connect children to their heritage and foster a sense of identity.
• Community support – A strong cultural community provides belonging and encouragement.
• Discrimination – Experiencing prejudice or stereotyping can harm confidence and self-worth.
• Language barriers – Communication challenges may limit access to services or education for families new to an area.

Environment

The environment a child grows up in can strongly affect their well-being. Safe and supportive surroundings enable them to thrive.

Key environmental factors include:

• Neighbourhood safety – A safe environment lets children play and explore without fear.
• Pollution – Clean air and water are essential for physical health.
• Access to green spaces – Opportunities for outdoor play improve physical and emotional health.
• Community resources – Libraries, youth centres, and sports facilities enrich children’s experiences.

Impact of Life Events

Life events can shape how children view the world and develop emotional resilience. Some events strengthen children, while others create challenges.

Examples of impactful events include:

• Bereavement – Losing a loved one can cause sadness and disrupt well-being.
• Moving house – Changing homes or schools may disrupt friendships and routines.
• Illness – Watching a family member battle illness can cause fear or stress.
• Celebrations – Positive milestones like birthdays or achievements boost self-esteem and joy.

Final Thoughts

Building awareness of these factors helps professionals support children and young people effectively. By recognising barriers and providing guidance, we help create a bright and thriving future for them.