1.1 Outline how differences in processing sensory information may affect each of the senses

This guide will help you with answers for NCFE CACHE Level 2 Certificate in Understanding Autism unit 1.1 Outline how differences in processing sensory information may affect each of the senses.

When working with individuals on the autism spectrum, it’s important to understand how differences in processing sensory information can affect each of the senses. These sensory differences are often referred to as sensory processing issues or sensory sensitivities. People with autism can experience hyper-sensitivity (over-sensitivity) or hypo-sensitivity (under-sensitivity) to sensory stimuli.

Sensory Processing Differences

Visual Sensitivity

Hyper-sensitivity: People with hyper-sensitivity to visual stimuli may find bright lights or stark contrasts overwhelming. They might find it difficult to focus in brightly lit environments or become distressed by flickering lights.

Hypo-sensitivity: Individuals with hypo-sensitivity may need more visual input to feel stimulated. They might be drawn to bright colours, shining lights, or moving objects. They could stare at lights or watch moving objects closely.

Auditory Sensitivity

Hyper-sensitivity: Those who are hyper-sensitive to sound may find everyday noises like humming lights, traffic, or even conversations overly loud or painful. This may lead them to cover their ears or avoid certain environments.

Hypo-sensitivity: On the other hand, individuals with hypo-sensitivity might not respond to certain sounds. They may seek out noisier environments or create sounds themselves by tapping objects or humming.

Tactile Sensitivity

Hyper-sensitivity: People with hyper-sensitivity to touch can find certain textures or temperatures excruciatingly uncomfortable. They might avoid physical contact, certain fabrics, or grooming activities like haircuts.

Hypo-sensitivity: Those who are hypo-sensitive may be less responsive to touch. They might not feel pain as others do or may seek out more intense tactile sensations by touching or feeling everything around them.

Olfactory Sensitivity

Hyper-sensitivity: Individuals with hyper-sensitivity to smells can find certain odours overpowering and unpleasant. This could lead to avoidance of specific places or people who wear strong scents.

Hypo-sensitivity: Conversely, individuals with hypo-sensitivity might not notice even strong odours. They may have a weak sense of smell and could be unaware of environmental smells that others notice easily.

Gustatory Sensitivity

Hyper-sensitivity: Those who are hyper-sensitive to taste may find certain foods too intense or unpleasant. They might avoid foods with strong flavours, leading to a restricted diet.

Hypo-sensitivity: People with hypo-sensitivity might crave strong flavours and might often add extra seasoning to their food. They may also have a higher tolerance for bitter or spicy foods.

Proprioceptive Sensitivity

Proprioception is the sense that lets us know where our body parts are in space.

Hyper-sensitivity: Those with hyper-sensitivity may be very aware of their movement and position, leading to discomfort during physical activity.

Hypo-sensitivity: Individuals with hypo-sensitivity may need more feedback about their body position. They might engage in activities like jumping or crashing into things to get that sensory feedback.

Vestibular Sensitivity

The vestibular sense helps control balance and spatial orientation.

Hyper-sensitivity: People who are hyper-sensitive may avoid rides, swings, or even simple movements like spinning or turning quickly, as these can make them feel dizzy or unbalanced.

Hypo-sensitivity: Conversely, those with hypo-sensitivity might seek out more intense movement experiences. They may enjoy spinning, running, or swinging to feel balanced.

Strategies for Support Workers

Understanding these sensory sensitivities can help you provide better support. Here are some strategies:

1. Create a Sensory Profile:

• Work with the individual to identify which senses are affected.
• Note if they are hyper- or hypo-sensitive.

2. Adapt the Environment:

• Reduce bright lights or loud noises if someone is hyper-sensitive.
• Provide objects or activities that stimulate the senses for those who are hypo-sensitive.

3. Use Appropriate Tools:

• Noise-cancelling headphones can help those with auditory hyper-sensitivity.
• Weighted blankets can provide comfort for tactile hypo-sensitivities.

4. Be Patient and Observant:

• Understanding sensory needs may take time. Observe the individual’s reactions and adapt accordingly.
• Encourage communication about their comfort levels.

Example answers for unit 1.1 Outline how differences in processing sensory information may affect each of the senses

Example 1

Differences in processing sensory information can actually affect visual perception in individuals with autism. For example, someone who is visually hypersensitive might find bright lights or vibrant colours overwhelming. This can make environments like classrooms with fluorescent lights very uncomfortable. They might prefer dim lighting or need breaks in darker areas. On the other hand, someone who is visually hyposensitive might not notice visual stimuli easily and may need more prominent visual aids to stay engaged. Understanding these differences helps us tailor the environment to better suit their needs.

Example 2

Individuals with autism may process auditory information differently, which can greatly impact their daily experiences. Those with auditory hypersensitivity might find everyday sounds, such as background conversation or traffic noise, extremely distracting or even painful. They may benefit from using noise-cancelling headphones or working in quieter environments. Conversely, individuals with auditory hyposensitivity might not respond to sounds that others find noticeable. They might need louder or more distinct auditory cues to capture their attention. By recognising these auditory processing differences, we can create more accommodating and supportive environments.

Example 3

Tactile sensitivity is another area where sensory processing differences can affect individuals with autism. Hypersensitive individuals might find certain textures, like rough fabrics or even gentle touches, extremely uncomfortable. They might avoid hugging, prefer soft clothing, or find grooming activities like haircuts distressing. For those with tactile hyposensitivity, light touches might go unnoticed, and they may seek more intense tactile experiences, such as rubbing their hands on different surfaces. Providing a range of tactile options and respecting their preferences can make a big difference in their comfort and well-being.

Example 4

Smell sensitivity, or olfactory sensitivity, can also vary in individuals with autism. People with olfactory hypersensitivity might find certain scents overpowering and unpleasant, including cleaning products or perfumes. This can lead to avoidance of places or people associated with strong smells. Those with hyposensitivity to smell might not notice even strong odours, which could impact their awareness of environmental hazards like gas leaks or spoiled food. By being mindful of the sensory environment, we can help manage these sensitivities more effectively.

Example 5

Individuals with autism may experience differences in their sense of taste, known as gustatory sensitivity. Those with hypersensitivity to taste might find certain foods overwhelmingly strong or unpleasant, leading to a significantly restricted diet. They might avoid spicy, bitter, or highly flavoured foods, and prefer bland options. In contrast, individuals with hyposensitivity might crave intense flavours and may add extra seasoning to their food. By offering a variety of taste experiences and respecting their preferences, we can support healthier eating habits and better nutrition.

Example 6

Proprioception refers to the sense of body position and movement, and differences in this sense can impact individuals with autism. Hypersensitive individuals may feel uncomfortable during physical activities and be very aware of their body movements, leading to reluctance to participate in physical activities. Those with hyposensitivity might have difficulty understanding their body position and engage in activities like jumping or bumping into things for sensory feedback. Offering activities that provide appropriate proprioceptive input, like weighted vests or physical therapy exercises, can help balance these needs and improve their physical comfort and coordination.

Final Thoughts

Sensory processing differences can actually affect an individual’s daily life. By being aware of these differences, you can provide better support and create a more comfortable environment for those with autism. By using strategies that address their specific sensory needs, you can help them navigate their sensory world more effectively.

Remember, each person with autism is unique. What works for one might not work for another. Always approach with empathy and a willingness to adapt.