This guide will help you answer 1.1 Define the terms: speech, language, communication.
When working in early years settings, understanding the difference between speech, language, and communication is vital. These terms are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings and implications for child development. As an Early Years Practitioner, you’ll be supporting children as they develop in these areas, so it’s important to grasp each concept fully.
Defination of Speech
Speech is the verbal expression of language. It involves the physical ability to produce sounds and words. To put it simply, speech is how we say sounds and words, including articulation, voice, and fluency.
- Articulation refers to how speech sounds are made. It involves the movement of the tongue, lips, palate, and vocal cords to produce sounds.
- Voice relates to the use of our vocal folds and breathing to produce sound. It includes aspects such as pitch, volume, and intonation.
- Fluency is the rhythm of speech. It involves the smoothness and flow of spoken language without unnecessary hesitations or repetitions.
Children develop speech skills in stages. While some may be fast, others might take a little longer, which is normal. As an Early Years Practitioner, your role includes observing and supporting these developments.
Defination of Language
Language is a broader concept. It is a system of symbols and rules that we use to communicate. It includes both verbal and non-verbal means, and involves comprehension and use of words and sentences.
Language can be broken down into two main areas:
- Receptive language is the ability to understand words and language. It involves processing and making sense of the information received, whether through words, gestures, or expressions.
- Expressive language is the ability to use words, sentences, gestures, and writing to convey meaning and messages to others. It includes vocabulary, grammar, and the ability to put sentences together.
Language is not just about speaking but also includes listening, reading, and writing. In early years, children learn language by interacting and playing. They mimic the language used by those around them, slowly building up their vocabulary and understanding.
Defination of Communication
Communication encompasses both speech and language but also goes beyond them. It refers to the entire process of exchanging information between individuals. This process includes both verbal and non-verbal methods.
- Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, body language, gestures, and eye contact. These play a vital role in conveying messages and emotions, sometimes even without words.
- Communication also involves other cues like tone of voice, the use of space between individuals (proxemics), and touch.
Communication is not only about expressing thoughts but also includes listening and understanding others. It’s a two-way process that requires interaction. Successful communication results in shared understanding.
Interrelation of Speech, Language, and Communication
Each of these elements – speech, language, and communication – is interconnected. They form the foundation of effective interaction and understanding among people.
- Speech is the verbal vehicle for language, which is the content.
- Language is the structural framework that gives meaning to speech.
- Communication is the overarching system that uses speech and language to achieve understanding and interaction.
In early years settings, professionals must foster all these areas. Doing so helps children develop the skills they need to express themselves, grow socially, and learn about the world.
Supporting Development in Early Years Settings
As an Early Years Practitioner, you have numerous opportunities to support children’s development in speech, language, and communication.
Observations
Regular observations enable you to track developmental milestones. Children usually progress through predictable stages. By noticing where a child falls, you can identify those who might need extra support.
Encouraging Interaction
Children learn best through play and interaction. Encourage activities that involve talking, singing, and role-play. Group activities and peer interactions also facilitate language learning.
Reading and Storytelling
Reading aloud to children and engaging them in storytelling builds vocabulary and comprehension. Interactive reading, where you ask open-ended questions and let children predict outcomes, enhances language and communication skills.
Modelling Language
Modelling language by speaking clearly, using complete sentences, and expanding on what children say provides a strong example. Demonstrating good listening skills and responding to children’s attempts at communication encourages more attempts.
Creating a Language-rich Environment
Fill the environment with print, symbols, and opportunities for communication. Labels, posters, and visual schedules enhance comprehension and expression. Displaying children’s work and having areas dedicated to different types of play also boosts language exposure.
Collaborating with Parents and Caregivers
Encouraging parents to be involved and modelling language at home is crucial. Share strategies and activities that can be practiced outside the educational setting to reinforce learning.
Identifying the Need for Additional Support
Some children may require additional assistance in developing these skills due to speech, language, or communication needs (SLCN). Watch for:
- Delays in reaching milestones.
- Difficulties being understood by others or understanding others.
- Limited vocabulary for their age.
If concerns arise, collaborate with other professionals such as speech and language therapists for expert input.
Conclusion
Understanding and differentiating between speech, language, and communication is key to effectively supporting children during their critical early years. As an Early Years Practitioner, you’ll facilitate the development of these foundational skills which are essential for lifelong learning and social interaction. By combining observation, interaction, and support strategies, you enable children to reach their full potential in expressing and understanding the world around them.
