This guide will help you answer 4.2 Explain the use of systematic synthetic phonics in the teaching of reading.
To understand systematic synthetic phonics, we first need to break down the terminology. “Phonics” is a method of teaching reading by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters. “Systematic” implies a structured and planned approach, and “synthetic” refers to the ability to blend sounds together.
Systematic synthetic phonics involves teaching children how to convert letters or letter groups into sounds, and then blend these sounds together to form words. This method is rooted in the understanding that phonemes (the smallest units of sound) are the building blocks of spoken language.
The Role of Phonics in Reading
Reading is a complex process. It involves decoding written language to understand its meaning. Phonics is a crucial tool in this process, as it focuses on the relationship between sounds and their corresponding letters.
The systematic approach helps children understand these relationships in a structured manner. By learning phonics, children can decode new words by sounding them out. This is especially important in the English language, where many words are not spelled how they sound.
How Systematic Synthetic Phonics Works
Systematic synthetic phonics programmes such as Letters and Sounds or Jolly Phonics follow a specific order to introduce sounds and letters. They start by introducing a few phonemes and their corresponding graphemes (written symbols or letters).
Here is how this method is typically implemented:
- Sound Introduction: Begin with teaching single letter sounds such as /s/, /a/, /t/, /p/, /i/, /n/. These sounds can be used to build a large variety of words.
- Blending: Teach children to blend these sounds to form words. For example, blending /s/, /a/, and /t/ creates the word “sat”.
- Segmenting: Teach children to break down words into individual sounds, aiding with spelling. For instance, the word “pan” can be segmented into /p/ /a/ /n/.
- Building Complexity: Gradually introduce more complex sounds, including digraphs (two letters that make one sound, like “sh” or “ch”).
- Irregular Words: Address irregular words that do not follow standard phonetic rules, such as “was” or “said”.
The goal is for children to gain the ability to decode most words they encounter by applying their knowledge of phonics.
Benefits of Systematic Synthetic Phonics
Systematic synthetic phonics is recognised as a highly effective method to teach reading. Here are some key benefits:
- Early Reading Success: Research shows that this approach helps children become successful early readers. They gain confidence as they learn to decipher words on their own.
- Supports Spelling: It benefits spelling by teaching children to segment sounds within words, enabling them to spell using phonemes as reference points.
- Evidence-Based: Educational research backs it as an effective way of developing reading skills.
- Adaptability: While maintaining a structured approach, it allows adaptability by catering to different learning paces.
Challenges and Considerations
Despite its benefits, implementing systematic synthetic phonics comes with challenges:
- Initial Learning Curve: Some children may initially struggle with phoneme recognition and require additional support.
- Resource-Intensive: Requires resources such as flashcards, games, and reading materials to support varied learning styles.
- Teacher Training: Effective delivery relies on educators being well-informed and trained in phonics instruction.
Implementing Systematic Synthetic Phonics
Successful implementation involves several steps:
- Training Educators: Educators need comprehensive training in phonics instruction and assessment techniques. They should be able to identify and respond to individual learning needs.
- Engaging Lessons: Use engaging and varied teaching strategies to maintain interest. This can include games, songs, and interactive activities.
- Parental Involvement: Encourage parents to participate in phonics learning at home. Provide guidance and resources to assist them.
- Structured Planning: Create a structured plan that outlines the order in which phonics skills are introduced. Ensure consistency and progression.
- Assessment: Regular assessment is crucial. It helps track individual progress and identify areas that need more attention.
Conclusion
Systematic synthetic phonics plays a significant role in the teaching of reading in early years education. It offers a methodical way of building reading skills, by linking sounds with their written forms. This approach empowers children to decode new words independently, building a strong foundation for literacy.
Challenges exist, but with proper training and resources, educators can effectively implement this method, helping young learners become confident readers. By recognising the strengths and limitations, early years practitioners can ensure that children benefit from the systematic synthetic phonics approach, paving the way for their future educational success.
