This guide will help you answer 1.4 Analyse the impact of philosophical approaches on current frameworks in relation to play environments.
The role of play in young children’s learning and development is a fundamental principle acknowledged by early childhood education frameworks. However, the environment in which play occurs can significantly shape these experiences. Various philosophical approaches influence how play environments are structured and the types of activities that are encouraged.
What Are Philosophical Approaches in Early Years?
Philosophical approaches refer to the fundamental beliefs and theories about how children learn and develop. These approaches provide guidance to practitioners on creating the optimal learning environment. Here are a few prominent philosophical approaches in early years education:
- Froebelian Approach: Inspired by Friedrich Froebel, who introduced the concept of a ‘kindergarten’ (children’s garden), this philosophy emphasises the importance of play and the use of specific materials known as ‘gifts and occupations’. It advocates for a child-centred approach where play is seen as an essential part of learning.
- Montessori Method: Developed by Dr Maria Montessori, this approach emphasises independence, freedom within limits, and respect for a child’s natural psychological development. Montessori environments offer carefully designed activities that help children develop practical life skills and self-directed learning.
- Reggio Emilia Approach: Founded by Loris Malaguzzi, this philosophy focuses on the principles of respect, responsibility, and community through exploration and discovery in a supportive and enriching environment. It’s particularly known for its strong emphasis on the aesthetic environment and the concept of the environment as the ‘third teacher’.
- HighScope Approach: This method, stemming from the work of Jean Piaget, is based on active participatory learning where children have direct, hands-on experiences with people, objects, events, and ideas. It stresses the ‘Plan-Do-Review’ cycle where children plan their activities, carry them out, and reflect on the outcomes.
Current Frameworks in the UK
The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is the statutory framework that sets the standards for the learning, development, and care of children from birth to five years old. The EYFS framework promotes a balanced approach incorporating various philosophies to create holistic and inclusive play environments.
Impact on Play Environments
Froebelian Approach and EYFS
Key Concepts:
- Play as Natural Learning
- Student-Centred Learning
Impact on Play Environments:
The Froebelian approach influences current EYFS framework by encouraging environments that:
- Provide natural, open-ended materials that can be used in various ways.
- Include a mix of structured and free play opportunities.
- Ensure outdoor play areas that reflect a ‘garden’ where children can explore nature.
- Promote self-regulated learning where children have the freedom to choose activities while under the gentle guidance of practitioners.
Montessori Method and EYFS
Key Concepts:
- Independence and Self-Direction
- Prepared Environment
Impact on Play Environments:
The Montessori method shapes EYFS by fostering environments that:
- Are meticulously organised and clutter-free, enabling children to navigate independently.
- Feature child-sized furniture and accessible materials to promote independence.
- Encourage autonomous child-led activities with adult roles more passive, facilitating rather than directing.
- Incorporate practical life activities that blend play with real-world skills development.
Reggio Emilia Approach and EYFS
Key Concepts:
- Environment as the ‘Third Teacher’
- Documentation of Learning
Impact on Play Environments:
The Reggio Emilia approach impacts EYFS play environments by:
- Creating aesthetically pleasing, thought-provoking spaces filled with natural light, art, and found materials.
- Using flexible and adaptable furniture and play areas to support diverse activities.
- Emphasising collaborative projects that encourage social interaction and community involvement.
- Prioritising extensive documentation of children’s work and thought processes to reflect and inform future activities.
HighScope Approach and EYFS
Key Concepts:
- Active Participatory Learning
- Plan-Do-Review Cycle
Impact on Play Environments:
The HighScope approach informs EYFS environments by:
- Using interest areas or learning centres that invite exploratory play.
- Facilitating consistent daily routines incorporating Plan-Do-Review sequences to instil structure within free play.
- Encouraging adult-child interactions that support active learning through questioning and scaffolding.
- Creating a balance between individual play, small group, and large group activities.
Synthesising Philosophies Within the EYFS
The EYFS framework is a composite of these philosophies, recognising the uniqueness of various approaches while establishing a common ground focused on child-centred education. This synthesis is evident in:
- Inclusivity and Flexibility: Play environments are adaptable, catering explicitly to the diverse needs and developmental stages of children.
- Holistic Development: Both indoor and outdoor play areas are designed to nurture the physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development of young children.
- Valuing Play: The fundamental role of play, as highlighted across different theories, is mirrored in the EYFS’s emphasis on ‘learning through play’.
- Collaboration: The environment promotes partnerships among children, parents, and practitioners, a key principle in several philosophical approaches.
Conclusion
Understanding the impact of various philosophical approaches on current frameworks like the EYFS is crucial for creating enriched play environments. These environments are carefully designed to align with the principles of child-centred learning, fostering holistic development and encouraging exploratory, independent, and collaborative play. Integrating elements from Froebelian, Montessori, Reggio Emilia, and HighScope philosophies ensures a balanced and inclusive approach, reflecting the EYFS’s core values and standards.
By analysing these philosophical influences, early years practitioners can create dynamic, responsive, and meaningful play environments that truly support the development and wellbeing of every child.
